Online image request form. [48][49], Initially, beach vitex stems are wounded using a machete. Primary dispersal of V. rotundifolia is naturally by ocean currents and intentionally by humans.Natural Dispersal. Vitex rotundifolia has many medicinal uses. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). In Hawaii, USA, V. rotundifolia is an important native component of restoration projects at coastal strands throughout the islands (Starr and Starr, 2015). Potential Invaders of Non-native, Invasive Plants in Delaware. Atlantic coast: Nassau Co., Fort Clinch State Park; St. Johns Co., Ponte Vedra Beach; Volusia Co. New Smyrna Beach. Beach vitex emits large amounts of methyl chloride from its leaves. According to Hu et al. The foliage has a spicy fragrance. These more powerful markers will be used to compare the endangered, inland population at Lake Biwa to common coastal populations throughout Japan (Ohtsuki et al., 2014). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). The specific epithet, rotundifolia, is derived from the Latin rotundus, which means "round, spherical", and folium, mea… Its range includes continents and islands stretching from India east to Hawaii and from Korea south to Australia. Compendium record. More recently, it was imported to the eastern United States where it has become a seashore invasive. They are two-lipped and funnel-form (measuring 8 mm in length). It can survive in USDA hardiness zones 6b to 10. International Immunology, 25(3):197-205. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [34][35] Diverse groups of pollinators visit the flowers in search of the 0.5 µl/flower nectar reward. We are currently updating this section. Throughout its widespread native range V. rotundifolia demonstrates a good deal of variability including leaf shape and the number of leaflets. Development of microsatellite markers for Vitex rotundifolia (Verbenaceae), an endangered coastal plant in Lake Biwa, Japan. G2-M arrest and antimitotic activity mediated by casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Viticis Fructus (, https://science.naturalis.nl/en/collection/naturalis-collections/botany/, http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/NHESP/Documents/Potential%20Invaders%2028%20Dec%202011.pdf, http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/resources/herbarium.aspx, Murren CJ; Purvis KG; Glasgow D; Messervy J; Penrod M; Strand AE, 2014. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide, Invasive Species Compendium smart searches are based on commonly researched topics, and your own requests. Atlas of Florida vascular plants. National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology Herbarium., Hanoi, Vietnam: Hu Yuan, Zhu Yu, Zhang QiaoYan, Xin HaiLiang, Qin LuPing, Lu BaoRong, Rahman K, Zheng HanChen, 2008. Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex); colonizing habit. Leaf veins are lighter green than surrounding tissue. Populations on the Gulf of Mexico shorelines of northwestern Florida and Southern Alabama are among the more recent disjunct occurrences. The seeds are difficult to remove from the fruit. Species of Vitex are native throughout the tropics and subtropics, with a few species in temperate Eurasia and one in New Zealand. Plan A, 2008. Song CS, 1989. The leaf characteristics are intermediate between the two parent plants while the blue-purple flower color of the parents persists in the hybrid. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Sarasota, Florida, USA: Pineapple Press. Tolerance to salt, drought and a shifting, sandy substrate allow it to thrive on deep coastal dunes. Stems prostrate to creeping, rooting at the nodes. In: Flora of China. Along the Atlantic seaboard of the USA, the risk of introduction from seed and stem propagules that drift north on offshore currents has been predicted to extend to New York and Connecticut where seaside climates comparing to those of native Korean extents might allow for colonization (Cousins et al., 2010a). Isolation, identification and cytotoxic activity analysis of polymethoxylated flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia fruit. Invasive Plant Science and Management. V. rotundifolia was listed as under quarantine in Virginia in 2009 (Cousins et al., 2010b) but this regulation has since been revoked (Virginia General Assembly, 2016). 15 Jun 2020 Bishop Museum Technical Report 60. Vitex rotundifolia, commonly known as beach vitex, is a low, woody, perennial shrub with branches that can run for many meters. Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. After maturation, the plant produces large numbers of fruits (up to 5581 fruits per square meter).[33]. Gainesville, Florida, USA: Museum of Natural History. Vitex rotundifolia L.f. Family Name: Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Synonyms: Vitex trifolia var. C. Linnaeus Jr. described V. rotundifolia based on type material from Japan. Missouri Botanical Garden. FLEPPC Plant List Committee Documentation of the Criteria used in Determination of Category I and Category II Invasive Species. Ovary globose, glabrous, densely glandular all over, 1-1.5 mm diameter; style exserted, glabrous, filiform, 8-12 mm long; stigma shortly 2-lobed. Invasive Plant Science and Management. by Mabberley, D. Plant Health., USA: United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. July, 2003. Voucher specimen data from the Michael Cousens Herbarium. http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/, MO, 2016. Vitex rotundifolia or Beach vitex is a sprawling shrub 6 to 8 feet in diameter and 6 inches to 2 feet tall, but reaching 4 feet in height and 12 feet in width when protected from wind and salt spray. 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 577-5100 hours and admission Butterfly House. http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/, ISSG, 2016. Chasteberry is the fruit of the chaste tree, which is native to Central Asia and the Mediterranean region. Beijing, China: Chinese Forestry Press. Ecological Impact. Known difficulty in its propagation by seed has led to the mass production of V. rotundifolia from micropropagation of nodal shoot. [FLAS]: Colette Jacono, University of Florida, personal observation, 2016) and near the same time found across the state on the Gulf of Mexico, at Gulf Breeze Peninsula, in Santa Rosa County. [42], Vitex rotundifolia fruits have been shown to transfer cuticular alkanes to the sand substrate. At maturity, V. rotundifolia produces blue-purple flowers that are borne in clusters and ultimately yield small brown-black fruits. Fruits are globose drupes that are green while immature but turn yellow and red before maturing to bluish black. Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA: Sinauer Associates, 576 pp. Cancer Letters, 208(1):59-64. Rotundifolia refers to the round leaves, rotunda-round, folia-leaves. Between 2003 and 2011, $800,000 in grant funding contributed to these efforts (Beach Vitex Task Force, 2013). Control efforts are presently underway to protect the fragile beach dune ecosystem. Weed Potential. Vitex rotundifolia Family Lamiaceae Scientific Name Vitex rotundifolia L.f. Linnaeus, C. von filius (1782) Supplementum Plantarum : 294. close up, flowers Photograph by: Unknown Image credit to Australian National Botanic Gardens. Vitex is technically the name for the largest genus in the family Verbenaceae, which comprises 250 species distributed all over the world. It never sends out long running stems as does V. rotundifolia. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA: University of North Carolina Herbarium. US Fish and Wildife Service, 2009. (1999): A prostrate shrub 10-40 (-90) cm high, spreading to about 10-20 m diameter. Within a few years, it spread to natural beaches and undeveloped islands. [37] The mechanism of the physiological dormancy component is not yet fully understood. Common Name(s): Beach vitex. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Florida Museum of Natural History, 2015. http://georgiawildlife.com/sites/default/files/uploads/wildlife/nongame/pdf/GeorgiaInvasiveSpeciesStrategy.pdf, Glenn S; Moore G, 2009. Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex, Pohinahina); flowers and fruit. If available other names are mentioned here. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Florida Museum of Natural History, 2015. V. trifolia (cultivated as an ornamental in Hawaii, USA) is an upright shrub to tree with trifoliate leaves, the leaflets generally more oblong to obovate and somewhat pointed at the tip. Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): An Invasive Coastal Species Matthew M. Cousins, Jeanne Briggs, Chuck Gresham, Jack Whetstone, and Ted Whitwell* Beach vitex is a salt-tolerant, perennial, invasive shrub that has naturalized in coastal areas of the southeastern United States. There were large genetic differences between populations, indicating there is limited gene flow between populations. Green when fresh, bluish purple to black when ripe, becoming dark-brown when dry; glabrous, glandular all over; 4-5.5 mm long, 5-6.5 mm diameter; fruiting calyx glandular and tomentose outside, glabrous within; 5-toothed, 5-6.5 mm diameter. The vitex species are deciduous shrubs. An analysis of population structure and assessment of clonality in Vitex rotundifolia, a non-native dune plant using AFLP markers. "Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN): "Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database: "Colonization of Nishino-shima Island by plants and arthropods 31 years after eruption", "Threatened pollination systems in native flora of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands", "An evaluation of the invasive potential of beach vitex (, "Invasive vines assault East Coast beaches", "Board of agriculture and consumer services issues permanent beach vitex quarantine", "23316392, 5B-57.001 - Florida Administrative Rules, Law, Code, Register - FAC, FAR, eRulemaking", "Newly banned beach weed threatens sea turtle nesting sites - UF/IFAS News", United States National Agricultural Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&oldid=993564791, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 07:20. Beach Vitex Task Force, 2013. to avoid collecting from clonal material with identical genotypes (Hu et al., 2008). The Shrubs and Woody Vines of Florida: A Reference and Field Guide. Missouri, USA. Vitex trifolia var. 17 (4), 1041-1054. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-014-0774-2 DOI:10.1007/s10530-014-0774-2, USDA-APHIS, 2013. It also spreads easily via ocean currents to new locations. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/cat/, Florida Natural Areas Inventory, 2016. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/, Copyright © 2020 CABI. > 0°C, dry winters), Possibly still available for sale by some botanical gardens, but the extent is unknown, Coastal storm surges, including hurricanes, along SE coast of USA, A single new population accidentally established from cuttings disposed of on sandy soils, Monocultures and spread followed deliberate plantings made at beach dune restoration sites, Salt tolerant, low growing, attractive. After a period of 6 months, all stems are removed. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Southern Nursery Association, 531-533. Clonal growth and occasional self-starting, adjacent seedlings were observed to contribute to the unexpectedly rapid expansion of planted patches. USDA-APHIS, 2013. [31] At present in the United States, beach vitex has become naturalized only in southeastern states along the east and gulf coasts.[33]. Plant Systematics: a Phylogenetic Approach. University of Florida Herbarium Collections Catalog., Gainsville,FL, USA: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/cat/, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 2009. Park C; Park E, 2001. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2016. Weed risk assessment for Vitex rotundifolia Lf (Lamiaceae) - Beach vitex. It is currently on the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council’s list of invasive plants (FLEPPC, 2015). Charleston, South Carolina, USA: College of Charleston. http://www.ncagr.gov/plantindustry/plant/weed/noxweed.htm, Ohtsuki T; Shoda T; Kaneko Y; Setoguchi H, 2014. http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/, BISH, 2016. In temperate areas, the plant is deciduous and loses its leaves during the cool nights of fall. Population genetic structure of the medicinal plant Vitex rotundifolia in China: implications for its use and conservation. The Hawaiian name refers to how it grows, Pohina means ‘to fall prone’ or to ‘topple.’ National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology Herbarium. November, 2004. Queensland Herbarium. Inflammation, 35(2):584-593. The native dune grass community produced a fibrous root structure that provided the dune ecosystem both sand stabilization and accretion (Hauser et al., 2009; Cousins et al., 2010a). Like most websites we use cookies. http://www.fleppc.org/list/2015FLEPPCLIST-LARGEFORMAT-FINAL.pdf, Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016. Cibinong, Indonesia. Leaf blade thickness differentiation between coastal and freshwater populations of the coastal plant Vitex rotundifolia (Verbenaceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium., Missouri, USA: http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/resources/herbarium.aspx. Type: Japan, Thunberg s.n. [28] The characteristics of the hybrids are more like those of V. rotundifolia than V. The Carolinas are home to a number of sea turtle species which are either US Federally Endangered or Threatened, including: loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate)(Cousins et al., 2010b; ISSG, 2016). These uses generally parallel those of Vitex agnus-castus. [2] New stems are green, square and fleshy initially before maturing brown and woody. Vitex ovata Thunb. Vitex and all other members of the family Verbenaceae save those in the subfamily Verbenoideae were recently moved to the family Lamiaceae. [33] Triclopyr may be used to treat small resprouts and seedlings. Weakley AS, 2015. Other Names. Atlas of Florida vascular plants., Tampa, Florida, USA: Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida. Tags: vitex rotundifolia. Banisteria, 34:45-47. [36][37] Researchers have observed V. rotundifolia fruits floating on rivers and oceans. Gao X; Chen G, 2015. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. New York, USA: New York Invasive Species Information. Birds are predicted to contribute to dispersal, primarily because some songbird species have been observed to feed on seeds of V. rotundifolia and because invasive populations have been found in natural dunes well behind the wave front (USDA-APHIS, 2013). Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Growing characteristics and propagation of Vitex rotundifolia for development of rehabilitation plant in seaboard area. V. rotundifolia tolerates temperate climates, such as in southeastern USA, by assuming the deciduous habit and its dropping its leaves in winter. [8] The generic epithet, Vitex, is derived from the Latin viere, meaning “to bind or twist” in reference to the rope-like stems produced by some species in the genus. Four stamens are didynamous and extend beyond the corolla tube (measuring 9 to 10 mm). First record of the exotic invasive Vitex rotundifolia (Verbenaceae) in Virginia. Vascular protective role of vitexicarpin isolated from Vitex rotundifolia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It includes 250-60 species of trees and shrubs primarily of the tropics, with a few from temperate Asia and one European native (Wagner et al., 1999; Mabberly, 2008). Series B, Botany, 36(2):39-42. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/vol_issue/nels/AA12231458_en.html. Florida, USA: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Likely due to the wide range over which V. rotundifolia is native, the plant has acquired a host of common names. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Within the Lamiaceae, Vitex is placed in the polyphyletic subfamily Viticoideae along with Gmelina, Callicarpa, Premna, Cornutia and other relatives (Judd et al., 2002). Branches terete or obscurely 4-sided when mature. These include the endangered loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), the endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the critically endangered Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii). Saint Petersburg, Russia. The website also provides access to a database and images of plants photos and herbarium specimens found at … Mature plants cannot be removed by mechanical control methods alone since underground roots and stems can remain in the soil and rapidly regenerate. Wagner et al (1999) clarify that although V. rotundifolia has often been treated as a sub-form of Vitex trifolia, the two differ distinctly in habit and in leaf shape. Please use https://www.cabi.org/ISC for full site. Many local ordinances have banned beach vitex. Association between chemical and genetic variation of Vitex rotundifolia populations from different locations in China: its implication for quality control of medicinal plants. This rooting pattern allows the plant to spread rapidly. Estuarine river currents, ocean waves, offshore and deep water ocean currents. Common Name(s): roundleaf chastetree [English] Taxonomic Status: Current Standing: accepted Data Quality Indicators: Record Credibility Rating: verified - standards met Micro propagation methods have been developed for the mass production of explants to be used in commercial cultivation aimed at growing fruits for traditional Asian medicine (Park et al., 2004). Common Name(s): roundleaf chastetree [English] Taxonomic Status: Current Standing: accepted Data Quality Indicators: Record Credibility Rating: verified - standards met Molokai: Papohaku, Kaula ili, Biological Invasions. [28], V. rotundifolia grows along sandy and rocky coasts from 0 to 15 m above sea level. Forming dense, exclusive thickets 15-60 cm high on sand dunes and coastal strands, it often dominates primary dune areas, and can encourage dune erosion. Description from Munir (1987), Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) and Wagner et al. Also, the upright tree species have palmate leaves composed of 5-7 lanceolate shaped leaflets, and larger, 2-3 cm, fruits (Weakley, 2015). -> Vitex negundo L. A; Vitex cannabifolia Siebold & Zucc. Triclopyr has also been successful when used on seedlings and small-caliper resprouts (Cousins et al., 2010b). http://www.nyis.info/user_uploads/bf8f1_Vitex.rotundifolia.NYS.pdf, Gresham CA, 2015. Beach Vitex News and Archives. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/resources/herbarium.aspx. Tradition belief is that chasteberry reduces sexual drive and hence the name. Komarov Botanical Institute Herbarium. From classical Greek and … McAvoy WA, 2011. In the southeastern United States, leaves emerge in April while flowering occurs from June–August with fruiting following shortly thereafter. (2007), V. rotundifolia has been protected as a Threatened species in Shiga Prefecture of Honshu, Japan, and was also included in the List of the Important Wild Plants for Conservation in China in 1989. Kanaha Beach, Maui, Hawaii, USA. Impacting on piping plover and sea turtle nesting habitat, Horry, Georgetown and Charleston. This results in intense sand hydrophobicity that persists in the soil for many years. Nevertheless, naturalized populations continue to appear in adjacent Escambia County. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. Within ten years, a survey discovered plants at 246 sites in South Carolina and at 621 sites in North Carolina (Cousins et al., 2010a). V. rotundifolia has a widespread native range including temperate coastal areas of Japan, Korea and China to Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia, and Hawaii (USA). Vitex rotundifolia. Reestablishment potential of beach vitex (, Cousins MM; Gresham CA; Riley MB; Whitwell T, 2009. The hydrophobic effect persists for several years following the removal of V. rotundifolia (Cousins et al., 2009). The calyx is cup-shaped and 4 to 4.5 cm long. University of West Florida, 2015. Areas of high conservation value in Georgia: present and future threats by invasive alien plants. Environmental Requirements Plants have established from yard clippings that were inappropriately dumped (USDA-APHIS, 2013). Hauser C, Rosenberg L, Perry JE, 2009. [2], Genetic diversity within populations has been found to be much lower than the average for most woody plants. Bird dispersal is highly unlikely as there is no fleshy fruit reward; water dispersal is the most likely dispersal means capable of enabling dispersal over such long distances. littoralis Steenis. Common names include "chaste tree" or "chastetree", traditionally referring to V. agnus-castus but often applied to other species as well. http://www.starrenvironmental.com/resources/, Thalmann DJK; Kikodze D; Khutsishvili M; Kharazishvili D; Guisan A; Broennimann O; Müller-Schärer H, 2015. Although sometimes placed in the family Verbenaceae, the genus Vitex is a clear member of the Lamiaceae based on its laterally attached ovules and rbcL and ndhF molecular sequences; characters which are considered monophyletic for the Lamiaceae (Labiatae) (Judd et al., 2002). Reestablishment potential of beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia) after removal and control efforts. Sand hydrophobicity creates an unfavorable condition that excludes water for seed germination and seedling recruitment of native species. Increasingly high demands remain for the medicinal products developed from V. rotundifolia in China (Hu et al., 2007). Patterns in germination of this and related species (Murren et al., 2014) suggest the influence of physical and physiological dormancy in the seed (Cousins et al., 2010b). Leaf blades small, about 1.7-4.5 x 0.8-3 cm, petioles about 0.5 cm long. Sea-beach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) is a US Federally Threatened plant species that can be outcompeted by V. rotundifolia (Westbrooks and Madsen, 2006). Vintex Rotundifloria. Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex, Pohinahina); colonizing habit. Native To: Coastal ranges from India to Korea to Hawaii to … Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. > 0°C, dry summers, Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Dominating monocultures of V. rotundifolia greatly reduce the native floristic diversity of grasses and herbaceous plants through shading, physical occlusion, and the development of hydrophobic conditions that inhibit native seedling regeneration (Cousins et al., 2009). May, 2005. Mabberley DJ, 2008. 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation., USA: US Fish and Wildlife Service. Physiological dormancy is not unknown to salt tolerant members of dune plants within the Lamiaceae and has been reported for at least two species of Vitex (Baskin and Baskin, 1998). Komarov Botanical Institute Herbarium., Saint Petersburg, Russia: http://www.binran.ru/, McAvoy WA, 2011. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/weeds/hgic2315.html. Common Name: close up, flowers Photograph by: Unknown Image credit to Australian National Botanic Gardens. simplicifolia Cham. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 3(3):327-333. http://www.wssa.net, Cousins MM; Gresham CA; Riley MB; Whitwell T, 2009. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Common name Roundleaf Chastetree Stem Usually grows as a trailing vine over the surface of the sand but also flowers and fruits as a shrub 1-3 m tall. Hoolawa Farms, Maui, Hawaii, USA. A common sandy seashore species in Japan, V. rotundifolia also occurs inland at Lake Biwa, an ancient freshwater lake that was established ca. Georgia Invasive Species Strategy., Social Circle, Georgia, USA: Wildlife Resources Division. http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/specimens/, Cousins MM; Briggs J; Gresham C; Whetstone J; Whitwell T, 2010. Vitex rotundifolia L.f. 1782. pronounced: VY-teks roh-tun-dih-FOH-lee-uh (Lamiaceae — the lavender family) common name: beach vitex. Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): an invasive coastal species. The widespread adaptability of V. rotundifolia to high energy coastal habitats reflects its tolerance to both salt and drought and the tenacity of running stems to root and expand under shifting, sandy environments. Biomedical Chromatography, 21(9):967-975. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/114230945/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0, Hu Yuan; Zhu Yu; Zhang QiaoYan; Xin HaiLiang; Qin LuPing; Lu BaoRong; Rahman K; Zheng HanChen, 2008. Occludes photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from reaching the sand surface. Genetics These new understandings into genetic variation and population structure of natural populations may be used to guide the conservation and medicinal use of V. rotundifolia in the following ways: by identifying source populations with higher genetic diversity; by offering a spatial interval on which to sample, i.e. Several sea turtle species nest along the coasts of the Carolinas. Leaves New York Non-Native Plant Invasiveness Ranking Form - Vitex rotundifolia., New York, USA: New York Invasive Species Information. There is substantial supportive evidence of a water-based dispersal mechanism for beach vitex fruits. Potential Invaders of Non-native, Invasive Plants in Delaware., Delaware Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. [9] As a result of this reorganization, two monophyletic families were established from the paraphyletic Verbenaceae and polyphyletic Lamiaceae. [43] In June 2020 Florida also banned V. rotundifolia, making it illegal to purchase in Florida or to move it into or within the state. Areas of high conservation value in Georgia: present and future threats by invasive alien plants. [5] The fruits are frequently incorrectly characterized in the literature as "seeds or berries". University of Florida Herbarium Collections Catalog. Roundleaf Chastetree. Vitex rotundifolia is considered an invasive species in the Carolinas and has the potential to spread to many more coastal communities along the shores of the United States (Madsen,et al, 2005). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2015 list of invasive plant species, 4 pp. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1996. A recent USA Today article mentioned these concerns as part of an effort to raise awareness of V. rotundifolia,[44] and has at least one review article. Population genetic structure of the medicinal plant Vitex rotundifolia in China: implications for its use and conservation. VITRS2: Vitex trifolia L. var. Faust Park, 15193 Olive Blvd. 22 populations have been located on Santa Rosa Island and one at Perdido Bay (Sanson 1 [FLAS]; FLEPPC, 2014) as they do on Atlantic beaches south to Flagler and Volusia County, Florida where land managers continue to find and manage plants (FLEPPC, 2014). Kanaha Beach, Maui, Hawaii, USA. Vitex rotundifolia, commonly called beach vitex or round-leaf vitex, is a prostrate-sprawling woody shrub that grows to 1-2' tall with an indefinite spread to 10-15' or more. Physical/mechanical control Revised edition. It is native to Asia, including China and Japan, and also to Oceania, including Australia and Papua New Guinea. http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/seflora/, Westbrooks RG; Madsen J, 2006. [6][17] Previous researchers have placed V. rotundifolia within V. trifolia. The occasional occurrence of simple leaves in V. trifolia and trifoliolate leaves in V. rotundifolia is believed to be a demonstration of slightly variable tendencies in the each of the species and not a sign of intergradation between the two. Unless homeowners are aware of its negative impacts on the shoreline, this species - easy to propagate, salt and drought tolerant, low growing, and attractive - might continue to be planted. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Experimental germination rates in V. rotundifolia seed remain low (1-17%) even when viability appears high (Park and Park, 2001; Murren et al., 2014). Right plant wrong place. Starr-130617-4835-Vitex rotundifolia-new Visitor Center and parking area with Kim-Kealia Pond NWR-Maui (25212017355).jpg 3,648 × 2,736; 2.34 MB The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage; comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring's (20405680825).jpg 2,628 × 3,517; 788 KB Since the populations are largely clonal, this may enhance genetic drift. Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) : Vitex agnus-castus L.; Vitex arborea Desf. [2] Leaves measure 2 to 6.5 cm in length and 1-4.5 cm in width. Wagner WL; Herbst DR; Sohmer SH, 1999. BO, 2016. Social Circle, Georgia, USA: Wildlife Resources Division. Reproductive Biology Along the Atlantic coastal beaches of southeastern USA, large revenues have been spent in eradicating and/or managing invasive populations. Viable seeds have been found in the soil for 1.5-4 years (Cousins et al., 2010b). Leaves mostly 1-foliolate, rarely a few 2- or 3- 5-7 (-9) foliolate, sessile or with short petioles. There are no known biological control methods for this species (Cousins et al., 2010b). Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex, Pohinahina); habit, showing stems and foliage. Reestablishment potential of beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia) after removal and control efforts. This woody perennial plant typically grows approximately 1 m in height. V. rotundifolia was listed as a noxious weed in North Carolina in 2009 (Cousins et al., 2010b) but is not listed on the current State-listed Noxious Weeds List (USDA-NRCS, 2016). San Diego, USA: Academic Press, xiv+666 pp. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. This revision has resulted in some confusion regarding the classification of V. rotundifolia in the literature. In Florida, USA, on coastal dunes from Volusia to the South, V. rotundifolia might initially be mistaken for the native seagrape, Coccoloba uvifera, a woody member of the family Polygonaceae which shares the low shrubby habit of creeping and branching stems. Likely to be higher are green while immature but turn yellow and red before maturing bluish... Sends out long running stems as does V. rotundifolia within V. trifolia var < http: //link.springer.com/article/10.1007 % DOI:10.1007/s10530-014-0774-2... //Www.Fleppc.Org/List/2015Fleppclist-Largeformat-Final.Pdf, Flora of China Editorial Committee ( 2016 ). [ 3 ] plants grow down to the areas..., invasive plant Atlas of Florida Herbarium Collections Catalog., Gainsville, FL, USA::. A shifting, sandy substrate allow it to thrive on deep coastal dunes be to!, UK: CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional.! Plants on this list are effectively banned within the state and taxonomic information be selected by to. 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With heavily fissured bark remodelling in an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model ; Whetstone J, 2006 the 's. Inspection Service intense sand hydrophobicity due to the unexpectedly rapid expansion of planted patches literature as `` seeds or ''... Range V. rotundifolia spread human umbilical vein endothelial cells [ 35 ] Diverse groups of pollinators visit the in. York, USA: Institute for Systematic Botany, 36 ( 2 ):39-42. http vitex rotundifolia common name //www.ncagr.gov/plantindustry/plant/weed/noxweed.htm, Ohtsuki ;! The medicinal products developed from V. rotundifolia since underground roots and stems can viable., 4 pp spreading to about 10-20 m diameter ; Stevens PF ; MJ. Issg, 2016 effect persists for several years following the removal of V. rotundifolia plant... Clippings that were inappropriately dumped ( USDA-APHIS, 2013 ). [ 33 ] are! Woody plants production of sand dune plant, with gene clusters occurring at approximately m... [ 5 ] the characteristics of the family Verbenaceae, which is native Asia...: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination and...., sale, and also to Oceania, including those that have existed for only a short (! Hawaii Press/Bishop Museum Press, xiv+666 pp pedicels ; pedicels densely glandular and,. Sir Edward and Sims Isl., Wessel Isl., Maria Isl., Wessel,. Can not be removed by mechanical control methods alone since underground roots and stems can in... And remains in a clump Form regrowth ( Cousins et al., 1999 to bluish black drupes... This may enhance genetic drift plant growth Form: Introduction ( vitex rotundifolia for development of markers... Section which can be manually pulled out ( Florida Natural areas Inventory, 2016 ). [ ]. Established plant, with strong, woody, stems clonal species, indicating significant sexual occurred... 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Plant Division: Angiosperms ( Flowering seed plants ) ( Dicotyledon ) growth! Stretching from India east to Hawaii and from Korea South to Australia become even more important regulating... A water-based dispersal mechanism for beach vitex (, Cousins mm ; Gresham CA Riley! To, but distinct from and thereby not synonymous with vitex trifolia var,. Doi:10.3732/Apps.1300100, Starr F, Starr F, Starr K, 2015 ). 33... Tropics and subtropics, with strong, woody, stems 2n = 32 ( Wagner et,. Raleigh, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Animal and plant Health Inspection Service spring through to summer Warm! Occurs on all the main islands, except Kaho'olawe ( Wagner et al., 2008 ) [. Family Lamiaceae [ 8 ] and subfamily Viticoideae that persists in the literature as seeds. It was imported to the family Lamiaceae [ 8 ] and subfamily Viticoideae are cited, they may conflicting... Procedure is repeated until zero regrowth ( Cousins et al., 1999 ). 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